HomeSuggested Readings

Suggested Readings

Bahia

  • Ickes, Scott. African-Brazilian Culture and Regional Identity in Bahia, Brazil. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2013.
  • Pinho, Patricia de Santana. Mama Africa: Reinventing Blackness in Bahia. Durham: Duke University Press, 2010.
  • Pinho, Patricia de Santana. Mapping Diaspora: African American Roots Tourism in Brazil. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 20118.
  • Romo, Anadelia. Brazil’s Living Museum: Race, Reform, and Tradition in Bahia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010.

Ghana

  • Attiah, Karen. “For African Americans Tired of U.S. Hostility, Ghana Is Still Calling.” Washington Post, May 18, 2022, sec. Opinion. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/05/19/black-americans-emigrate-tops-shooting-ghana/.
  • Attiah, Karen. “This Crumbling African Slave Fort Should Be Preserved to Honor the Enslaved.” Washington Post, May 13, 2022, sec. Opinion. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/05/13/this-crumbling-african-slave-fort-should-be-preserved-honor-enslaved/.
  • Bruner, Edward M. “Tourism in Ghana: The Representation of Slavery and the Return of the Black Diaspora.” American Anthropologist 98, no. 2 (1996): 290–304.
  • Dantzig, Albert van. Forts and Castles of Ghana. Accra: Sedco, 1999.
  • DeCorse, Christopher R. “Culture Contact, Continuity, and Change on the Gold Coast, AD 1400-1900.” African Archaeological Review 10 (1992): 163–96.
  • DeCorse, Christopher R. “The Danes on the Gold Coast: Culture Change and the European Presence.” African Archaeological Review 11 (1993): 149–73.
  • Degraft-Hanson, Kwesi J. “The Cultural Landscape of Slavery at Kormantsin, Ghana.” Landscape Research 30, no. 4 (2005): 459–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426390500273155.
  • Donkoh, Wilhelmina J. “Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Shared History or Shared Heritage?” In Slavery and Its Legacy in Ghana and the Diaspora, edited by Rebecca Shumway and Trevor R. Getz, 181–201. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017.
  • Engmann, Rachel Ama Asaa. “Ghana’s Year of Return 2019: Traveler, Tourist or Pilgrim?” The Conversation, August 22, 2019. http://theconversation.com/ghanas-year-of-return-2019-traveler-tourist-or-pilgrim-121891.
  • Engmann, Rachel Ama Asaa. “Resistance and Collaboration: Asameni and the Keys to Christiansborg Castle in Accra.” The Conversation, July 9, 2019. http://theconversation.com/resistance-and-collaboration-asameni-and-the-keys-to-christiansborg-castle-in-accra-120006.
  • Finley, Cheryl. “Authenticating Dungeons, Whitewashing Castles: The Former Sites of the Slave Trade on the Ghanaian Coast.” In Architecture and Tourism: Perception, Performance and Place, edited by Medina Lasansky and Brian McLaren, 109–26. New York: Berg, 2004.
  • Finley, Cheryl. “The Door of (No)Return.” Common-Place 1, no. 4 (2001). http://commonplace.online/article/the-door-of-no-return/.
  • Haviser, Jay B. “Slaveryland: A New Genre of African Heritage Abuse.” Public Archaeology 4, no. 1 (2005): 27–34.
  • Holsey, Bayo. “Charged Memories: The Slave Trade in Contemporary Political Discourse.” In Slavery and Its Legacy in Ghana and the Diaspora, edited by Rebecca Shumway and Trevor R. Getz, 219–37. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017.
  • Kankpeyeng, Benjamin W., and Christopher R. DeCorse. “Ghana’s Vanishing Past: Development, Antiquities, and the Destruction of the Archaeological Record.” African Archaeological Review 21, no. 2 (2004): 89–128.
  • Kreamer, Christine Mullen. “Shared Heritage, Contested Terrain: Cultural Negotiation and Ghana’s Cape Coast Castle Museum Exhibition ‘Crossroads of People, Crossroads of Trade.’” In Museum Frictions: Public Cultures/Global Transformations, edited by Ivan Karp, Corinne A. Kratz, Lynn Szwaja, and Tomas Ybarra-Frausto, 435–68. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006.
  • MacGonagle, Elizabeth. “From Dungeons to Dance Parties: Contested Histories of Ghana’s Slave Forts.” Journal of Contemporary African Studies 24, no. 2 (2006): 249–60.
  • Osei Tutu, Brempong. “African American Reactions to the Restoration of Ghana’s ‘Slave Castles.’” Public Archaeology 3, no. 4 (2004): 195–204.
  • Osei Tutu, Brempong. “Ghana’s ‘Slave Castles,’ Tourism, and the Social Memory of the Atlantic Slave Trade.” In Archaeology of Atlantic Africa and the African Diaspora, edited by Akinwumi Ogundiran and Toyin Falola, 185–95. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007.
  • Perbi, Akosua Adoma. “The Legacy of Indigenous Slavery in Ghana.” In Slavery and Its Legacy in Ghana and the Diaspora, edited by Rebecca Shumway and Trevor R. Getz, 202–18. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017.
  • Ransdell, Eric. “Africa’s Cleaned­up Slave Castle.” U.S. News & World Report 119, no. 11 (September 18, 1995): 33.
  • Schramm, Katharina. “Slave Route Projects: Tracing the Heritage of Slavery in Ghana.” In Reclaiming Heritage: Alternative Imaginaries of Memory in West Africa, edited by Ferdinand De Jong and Michael J. Rowlands, 71–98. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press, 2007.
  • Shenoy, Rupa. “A Professor with Ghanaian Roots Unearths a Slave Castle’s History — and Her Own.” Public Radio International, August 19, 2019. https://www.pri.org/stories/2019-08-19/professor-ghanaian-roots-unearths-slave-castle-s-history-and-her-own.
  • Shenoy, Rupa. “Ghana’s ‘Year of Return’ Is Emotional for Descendents on Both Sides of the Slave Trade.” Public Radio International, August 23, 2019. https://www.pri.org/stories/2019-08-23/ghana-s-year-return-emotional-descendents-both-sides-slave-trade.
  • Shenoy, Rupa. “‘Willful Amnesia’: How Africans Forgot — and Remembered — Their Role in the Slave Trade.” Public Radio International, August 20, 2019. https://www.pri.org/stories/2019-08-20/willful-amnesia-how-africans-forgot-and-remembered-their-role-slave-trade.
  • Singleton, Theresa A. “The Slave Trade Remembered on the Former Gold and Slave Coasts.” Slavery & Abolition 20, no. 1 (1999): 150–69.
  • Sirakaya, Ercan, Victor Teye, and Sevil Sönmez. “Understanding Residents’ Support for Tourism Development in the Central Region of Ghana.” Journal of Travel Research 41, no. 1 (2002): 57–67.
  • Smith, Edmond, and Mariana Boscariol. “Akan Relations, Commercial Networks, and the Portuguese Empire in West Africa, 1482–1637.” Journal of World History 33, no. 4 (2022): 609–38. https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2022.0038.
  • Takala, Brooke, "A Survey of Sites and Relics on the Slave Trade in Ghana: A History Archaeology Perspective" (2003). African Diaspora ISPs. Paper 83.
    http://digitalcollections.sit.edu/african_diaspora_isp/83
  • Teye, Victor, Ercan (Sirakaya) Turk, and Sevil Sönmez. “Heritage Tourism in Africa: Residents’ Perceptions of African-American and White Tourists.” Tourism Analyziz 16, no. 2 (2011): 169–85.
  • UNESCO. “Forts and Castles, Volta, Greater Accra, Central and Western Regions.” UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Accessed April 19, 2020. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/34/.
  • Von Hesse, Hermann W. “An Obscure Afro-Brazilian ‘Colony’ in Ghana: Accra’s Tabon Community.” The Metropole (blog), November 21, 2019. https://themetropole.blog/2019/11/21/an-obscure-afro-brazilian-colony-in-ghana-accras-tabon-community/.
  • Winsnes, Selena Axelrod. “There Is a House on Castle Drive: The Story of Wulff Joseph Wulff.” History in Africa 27 (January 2000): 443–48. https://doi.org/10.2307/3172125.

Jamaica

  • Agorsah, E. Kofi. “Archaeology and Resistance History in the Caribbean.” African Archaeological Review 11 (1993): 175–95.
  • Agorsah, E. Kofi, ed. Maroon Heritage: Archaeological, Ethnographic and Historical Perspective. Kingston: Canoe Press, 1994.
  • Agorsah, E. Kofi. “Seaman’s Valley and Maroon Material Culture in Jamaica.” In Proceedings of the XVII International Congress for Caribbean Archaeology, edited by J. Winter Bahamas, 285–99. New York: Rockville Center, 1997.
  • Besson, Jean. Transformations of Freedom in the Land of the Maroons: Creolization in the Cockpits Jamaica. Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers, 2015.
  • Bilby, Kenneth. “Maroons, Creoles, and Others: Ethnography and History at the Maroon/Non-Maroon Interface.” Slavery & Abolition 38, no. 4 (2017): 761–69.
  • Bilby, Kenneth. “Performing African Nations in Jamaica.” Contours 2, no. 2 (2004): 184–91.
  • Bilby, Kenneth. “Image and Imagination: Re-Visioning the Maroons in the Morant Bay Rebellion.” History & Memory 24, no. 2 (2012): 41–72.
  • Bilby, Kenneth. “Maroon Autonomy in Jamaica.” Cultural Survival Quarterly 25, no. 4 (2002): 26–31.
  • Bilby, Kenneth. True-Born Maroons. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005.
  • Brown, Kenneth L. “Material Culture and Community Structure: The Slave and Tenant Community at Levi Jordan’s Plantation, 1848–1892.” In Working toward Freedom: Slave Society and Domestic Economy in the Plantation South, edited by Larry E. Hudson Jr., 95–118. Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 1944.
  • Brown, Vincent. Tacky’s Revolt: The Story of an Atlantic War. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2020.
  • Brown, Vincent. The Reaper’s Garden: Death and Power in the World of Atlantic Slavery. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008.
  • Delle, James A., Mark W. Hauser, and Douglas V. Armstrong, eds. Out of Many, One People: The Historical Archaeology of Colonial Jamaica. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2011.
  • Fuller, Harcourt. “Maroon History, Music, and Sacred Sounds in the Americas: A Jamaican Case.” Journal of Africana Religions 5, no. 2 (2017): 275–82.
  • Heuman, Gad J. “The Killing Time:” The Morant Bay Rebellion in Jamaica. London: Macmillan, 1994.
  • Madrilejo, Nicole, Holden Lombard, and Jada Benn Torres. “Origins of Marronage: Mitochondrial Lineages of Jamaica’s Accompong Town Maroons.” American Journal of Human Biology 27, no. 3 (2015): 432–37.
  • Ryden, David B. “Maroon War, Peace, and Removal in the Eighteenth Century (Jamaica).” In Sociétés Marronnes Des Amérique: Mémoires, Patrimonies, Identités et Histoire Du XVIIe at XIX Siècles, edited by Jean Moomou, 153–66. Matoury: Ibis Rouge Editions, 2015.
  • Smith, Matthew J. “R O C K S T O N E: On Race, Politics, and Public Memorials in Jamaica.” Slavery & Abolition 42, no. 2 (2021): 219–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144039X.2021.1896186.
  • White, Cheryl. “The Maroons.” In Encyclopedia of Caribbean Archaeology, edited by Basil A. Reid and Richard Grant Gilmore, 230–32. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2014.
  • White, Cheryl. “The Nanny Town Maroons of Jamaica.” In Encyclopedia of Caribbean Archaeology, edited by Basil A. Reid and Richard Grant Gilmore, 247–49. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2014.

Rio de Janeiro

  • Abbonizio, Aline, Amanda de Souza, and Emerson Luíz Ramos. “A afirmação quilombola no quilombo Santa Rita do Bracui.” Revista e-Curriculum 14, no. 2 (August 16, 2016): 493–413.
  • Almeida, Juniele Rabêlo de, and Larissa Moreira Viana. “Public History in Movement – Present Pasts: The Memory of Slavery in Brazil.” International Public History 1, no. 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1515/iph-2018-0008.
  • Andreson, Jamie Lee. “African Territoriality in Brazilian Cultural Heritage Policies.” Journal of Africana Religions 10, no. 2 (2022): 266–91.
  • Andreson, Jamie Lee. “African Territoriality in Brazilian Cultural Heritage Policies.” Journal of Africana Religions 10, no. 2 (2022): 266–91.
  • Assunção, Matthias Röhrig. “Street Capoeira and the Memorialization of Slavery in Rio de Janeiro.” Luso-Brazilian Review 59, no. 1 (2022): 143–80.
  • Bowen, Merle L. “The Struggle for Black Land Rights in Brazil: An Insider’s View on Quilombos and the Quilombo Land Movement.” African and Black Diaspora 3, no. 2 (2010): 147–68.
  • Cicalo, André. “From Public Amnesia to Public Memory: Re-Discovering Slavery Heritage in Rio de Janeiro.” In African Heritage and Memories of Slavery in Brazil and the South Atlantic World, edited by Ana Lúcia Araújo. Amherst: Cambria Press, 2015.
  • Cicalo, André. “‘Those Stones Speak:’ Black-Activist Engagement with Slavery Archaeology in Rio de Janeiro.” Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies 10, no. 3 (2015): 251–70.
  • Drummond, José. “The Garden in the Machine: An Environmental History of Brazil's Tijuca Forest.” Environmental History 1, no. 1 (1996): 83.
  • Ferreira, Lucio Menezes. “Ancestral Technologies: Afro-Brazilian Archaeology and Its Contributions to the Material History of Latin America.” Colonial Latin American Review 31, no. 4 (October 2, 2022): 599–606. https://doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2022.2147312.
  • Lima e Souza, Mônica. “History, Patrimony, and Sensitive Memory: The Valongo Wharf in Rio de Janeiro.” Outros Tempos 15, no. 26 (2018): 98–111.
  • Lima, Tania Andrade. “Valongo: An Uncomfortable Legacy.” Current Anthropology 61 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1086/709820.
  • Lima, Tania Andrade, Marcos André Torres de Souza, and Glaucia Malerba Sene. “Weaving the Second Skin: Protection Against Evil Among the Valongo Slaves in Nineteenth-Century Rio de Janeiro.” Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage 3, no. 2 (2014): 103–36.
  • Londoño, Ernesto. “Brazil’s Gateway for Slaves, Now a World Heritage Site.” New York Times, July 15, 2017, sec. Americas. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/15/world/americas/brazil-slaves-unesco-world-heritage-site.html.
  • Magalhães, Aline Montenegro. “Da diáspora africana no Museu Histórico Nacional: um estudo sobre as exposições entre 1980 e 2020.” Anais do Museu Paulista: História e Cultura Material 30 (2022): 1-29.
  • Mattos, Hebe, and Martha Abreu. “Performing History: Jongos, Quilombos and the Memory of Illegal Atlantic Slave Trade in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.” In A Companion to Public History, edited by David M. Dean, 391–404. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell, 2018.
  • Oliveira, Susan de, and Ellen Berezoschi. “Jongo: do cativeiro à força das ruas.” Esclavages & Post-esclavages. Slaveries & Post-Slaveries, no. 7 (December 22, 2022). https://doi.org/10.4000/slaveries.7449.
  • Ramón, Paula. “Their Identity Was Forged through Resistance: Inside the Lives of Brazil’s Quilombos.” National Geographic, March 14, 2022. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/their-identity-was-forged-through-resistance-inside-the-lives-of-brazils-quilombos.
  • Romero, Simon. “Rio’s Race to Future Intersects Slave Past.” New York Times, March 8, 2014, sec. Americas. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/09/world/americas/rios-race-to-future-intersects-slave-past.html.
  • Saillant, Francine, and Pedro Simonard. “Afro-Brazilian Heritage and Slavery in Rio de Janeiro Community Museums.” In Politics of Memory: Making Slavery Visible in the Public Space, edited by Ana Lúcia Araújo. New York: Routledge, 2012.
  • Santos, Myrian Sepúlveda dos. “The Legacy of Slavery in Contemporary Brazil.” In African Heritage and Memories of Slavery in Brazil and the South Atlantic World, edited by Ana Lúcia Araújo. Amherst: Cambria Press, 2015.
  • Singleton, Theresa, and Marcos André Torres de Souza. “Archaeologies of the African Diaspora: Brazil, Cuba, and the United States.” In International Handbook of Historical Archaeology, edited by Teresita Majewski and David R.M. Gaimster, 449–69. New York: Springer, 2009.

Texas

  • Barker, Eugene C. “The African Slave Trade in Texas.” Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association 6, no. 2 (1902): 145–58.
  • Bellamy, Claretta. “Texas Officials Approve Texas 1836 Project to Counter the 1619 Project.” NBC News, September 15, 2022. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/texas-officials-approve-texas-1836-project-counter-1619-project-rcna47965.
  • Campbell, Randolph B. An Empire for Slavery: The Peculiar Institution in Texas, 1821-1865. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989.
  • Creighton, James A. Narrative History of Brazoria County. Waco: Texian Press, 1975.
  • Dey, Sneha. “1836 Project’s Pamphlet to Promote a ‘Patriotic’ Version of Texas History Airbrushes Oppression and Poverty, Experts Say.” The Texas Tribune, September 26, 2022. https://www.texastribune.org/2022/09/26/texas-1836-project-pamphlet/.
  • Gillmer, Jason A. Slavery and Freedom in Texas: Stories from the Courtroom, 1821-1871. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2017.
  • Gray, Lisa. “Hidden in Fort Bend’s Upscale Sienna: A Rare Plantation Building Where Slaves Made Sugar.” Houston Chronicle, October 28, 2019. https://www.houstonchronicle.com/life/article/fort-bend-last-sugarhouse-plantation-slavery-14556046.php#photo-18486667.
  • Jones, DaLyah. “Beyoncé Isn’t Possible Without Houston. Houston Isn’t Possible Without the Black Diaspora.” The Texas Observer, September 9, 2020. https://www.texasobserver.org/beyonce-houston-black-diaspora/.
  • Kelley, Sean. “A Texas Peasantry? Black Smallholders in the Texas Sugar Bowl, 1865–1890.” Slavery & Abolition 28, no. 2 (2007): 193–209.
  • Kelley, Sean. “Blackbirders and Bozales: African-Born Slaves on the Lower Brazos River of Texas in the Nineteenth Century.” Civil War History 54, no. 4 (2008): 406–23.
  • Kelley, Sean M., and Henry B. Lovejoy. “The Origins of the African-Born Population of Antebellum Texas: A Research Note.” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 120, no. 2 (2016): 216–32.
  • Ketterer, Samantha. “Enslaved People Toiled at a Plantation Where Prairie View A&M Now Stands. Researchers Want to Know Their Stories.” Houston Chronicle, February 7, 2022. https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/education/article/Enslaved-people-toiled-at-a-plantation-where-16833077.php.
  • LaGrone, Leah, and Michael Phillips. “What the 1836 Project Leaves Out in Its Version of Texas History.” Texas Monthly, August 25, 2022. https://www.texasmonthly.com/opinion/what-texas-1836-project-leaves-out/.
  • McDavid, Carol. “From ‘Traditional’ Archaeology to Public Archaeology to Community Action: The Levi Jordan Plantation Project.” In Places in Mind: Public Archaeology as Applied Anthropology, edited by Paul A. Shackel and Erve J. Chambers, 35–56. New York: Routledge, 2004.
  • Patterson, Jerry. “In Defense of Texas’s New Pamphlet on State History.” Texas Monthly, September 12, 2022. https://www.texasmonthly.com/opinion/1836-project-jerry-patterson-opinion/.
  • Platter, Allen A. “Educational, Social, and Economic Characteristics of the Plantation Culture of Brazoria County, Texas.” Ph.D., University of Houston, 1961.
  • Rawick, Henry, ed. The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography Texas Narratives. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1972.
  • Robbins, Fred. “The Origins and Development of the African Slave Trade into Texas, 1816–1860.” M.A., University of Houston, 1972.